The Reluctant Fundamentalist notes

Why is the interaction with the hostile driver in Manila significant? This interaction is significant because it is the first time that Changez sees himself as the rich, stuck-up, corporate American working man rather than a Pakistani in another country. It is due to the look of disgust he sees in the eyes of the driver that he realizes who he has become. He even tells people, upon being asked where he is from, that he is from New York, despite being from Pakistan originally. The feeling he has, however, when telling people he is from America is shame. This is an indication of his self-loathing that he feels because he is an American now.What is the conflict Changez feels?The conflict Changez feels is the need to succeed and join America’s elite, however he feels that by doing this he will lose his cultural roots, for example his respect for elders. He also does not want to be part of a society like that of America’s elite because they are not really looked up to in oth er areas, they are more looked upon with anger, like the driver in Manila. He feels out of place and yet very much at home with the firm he works for, for example in Manila he feels that he should join the Filipinos on their way home because he is not an American, however his winning smile and his obvious drive and commitment to his work take him in the direction of success.Third world sensibility: shared experience between Changez and the driver, USA to Filipino. They share a third world background however Changez is in a limo while the other man is not privileged or wealthy like Changez is. Changez is protected by his American co-workers and is considered to be part of that society even if he doesn’t feel that way all the time.Play acting: he is an outsider, a third world man but he takes on the identity of someone that is not him, that is someone of riches and opportunity. However, in the airport he is detained and questioned, suggesting that he isn’t American he is Pakistani in a costume.Implication of â€Å"foreign† said to Jim: he is not part of the society, he is not one of those people filled with opportunity.

India’s Transformation

Summary India adopted a democratic system of government and a mixed economy after gaining independence in 1947. However, a large part of their economy was still comprised of state-owned entities. Because of this, the private sector was stifled and any growth came only with hard-won government permission. This was especially true in the auto, chemical, and steel industries. Compounding the issue of strict government control was the fact that various laws made it difficult for businesses in the private sector to flourish. If a business grew to over 100 employees, then it was very difficult to fire a worker.In turn, business owners kept the size of their firm under the threshold. Unfortunately, those businesses did not grow to their full potential and could not reach the size necessary to be competitive in the international market. At this time, due to the rules and regulations, India was not taking advantage of foreign direct investments. Thankfully, the lack of progress and growth led the government to reform the economic system. In 1991, many industries once closed to the private sector, including electricity generation, oil industry, steel production, air transport and telecommunications, were opened.Foreign investments were given automatic approval up to a 51 percent stake in an Indian enterprise and, in some cases, 100 percent investment was granted. Tariffs on imports were dramatically reduced as were income tax rates and corporate tax rates. Each of these measures led to an increased rate of economic progress and tremendous growth within India’s private sector. India’s economy is still in a transition phase. While they have seen growth in private sector enterprise and increased foreign investment, they still have to navigate political barriers and help mitigate risks.Some import tariffs are still in place because the government fears a flood of inexpensive Chinese products. In addition, even though the private sector has proven more efficient than state-owned enterprises, there are still barriers to privatization. For instance, the Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without the consent of parliament. India also continues to work towards a market economy to keep the country attractive to potential investors.There are many benefits to investing early in India: the country has a large market population with the potential for continued high growth that can offer first-mover advantages. However, investors do need to take the risks into consideration: adhering to the local laws could be an unwanted cost as well as working within a legal system that may not provide the necessary protection for contract and property rights violations. As India continues to move toward a free market economy, they will continue to see growth in their private sector enterprises and foreign investment.The government will need to support this growth and continue to reform regulations so b usinesses can grow and become competitive on a greater scale. This will also make the country more attractive to foreign direct investment where investors can take advantage of India’s growing economy. Questions 1. From 1947 to 1990, India operated under a mixed economy system. This economic system is a blend of private ownership and free market enterprise with state ownership and government planning. During this time, the mixed economy in India was dominated by state-owned enterprises, centralized planning and subsidies.This prevented the private sector in India from growing, especially in the auto, chemical and steel production industries which were specifically state-owned enterprises. Today, India is moving toward a market economy where productive activities are primarily privately owned. However, state-owned firms still account for 38 percent of national output in the nonfarm sector. There are several impediments to completing a full transformation to a market economy in India. For example, a reduction in import tariffs has stalled due to political pressure.Politicians fear a flood of inexpensive products from China if the barriers are taken away. Also, it is still very difficult for privatization within the oil industry. The Indian Supreme Court ruled that the government could not privatize two state-owned oil companies without explicit approval from parliament. In addition, there is a disincentive for business owners to grow their firms more than 100 employees. Labor laws make it almost impossible for firms to fire an employee if the business is greater than 100 employees.This does not allow the firm to attain the scale necessary to compete internationally. 2. The economic system constrained the growth of the private sector. Private companies needed permission from the government to expand. It could take years to receive permission and several heavy industry products were reserved for state-owned enterprises. Even though private firms are 30 â₠¬â€œ 40 percent more efficient than state-owned firms, the extensive government regulations prevent the growth of private businesses and creation of new businesses.These factors negatively affected the rate of economic growth in India. While other Southeast Asian nations were enjoying economic growth and progress, India was still struggling with a small economy despite having a population of 950 million. The GDP was $310 and only 2. 3 percent of the population had a household income greater than $2,484. At the time, the World Bank estimated that 40 percent of the world’s desperately poor lived in India. Compounding these issues was the fact that less than half the population could read and very few had access to clean sanitation.Without basic necessities, a population will find it difficult to survive much less grow and flourish. 3. Privatization, deregulation and increased foreign direct investment have positively impacted India’s economy during the post-1990 time per iod. For example, the economy has expanded at an annual rate of 6. 3 percent from 1994 to 2004 and increased to 9 percent from 2005 to 2008. Proving that the Indian market is attractive, foreign investment increased from $150 million in 1991 to $36. 7 billion in 2008. 4.India is strengthening in the areas of technology and pharmaceutical products in part of their attractiveness to foreign investments and the fact that the government was now welcoming foreign investment. Foreign equity stakes in an Indian enterprise up to 51 percent are automatic; 100 percent ownership is allowable under certain circumstances. Industry goods are seeing a freedom of importation and the maximum tariffs have fallen to 35 percent as of 1997. India’s success in these industries will continue to prove the efficiency and growth potential of privatizing business. 5.I believe that India represents an attractive market for foreign multinationals selling consumer products. International firms have the op portunity to engage early in India’s economy. In turn, this will lead to building brand loyalty and gaining experience navigating the country’s business practices. Of course, the international firms must be aware of the risks surrounding unprotected property rights and other political and legal matters. With due diligence, investment into India’s economy could provide high dividends to foreign multinationals as the economy continues to grow.

Acid Rain Essay Example for Free (#3)

Acid Rain Essay Essay Topic: Acid rain , SO2 Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Acid Rain is rain, snow or fog that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages the environment. When fossil fuels are burned they release mostly CO2, but they also release two harmful gases, sulphur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides. The sulphur dioxide, SO2, comes from the sulphur impurities in the fossil fuels. However, the nitrogen oxides are created from a reaction between the nitrogen and the oxygen in the air, caused by the heat of the burning. When these gases mix with clouds they form dilute sulphuric acid and dilute nitric acid. Cars and power stations are the main causes of Acid Rain. Acid Rain has effects on plants, soil and even buildings. The acid reacts with the limestone and then the limestone begins to erode. From previous knowledge, I know that limestone has the chemical formula CaCO3. Limestone, chalk and marble are all calcium carbonate. When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate (such as calcium carbonate) the fizzing shows that a gas is produced. That gas is carbon dioxide, CO2. Adding hydrochloric acid to a rock sample is one of the tests for a carbonate rock, like marble, chalk or limestone. It is also why these rocks are greatly affected by acid rain. The word equation is for this reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is: Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid –> calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water The chemical formulae for this reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is: CaCO? + 2HCL –> CaCL2 + CO2 + H2O The rate of reaction can be calculated by measuring amount of Carbon dioxide gas that is obtained by the syringe. There were various types of apparatus which I included: Goggles Syringe Stop clock Measuring cylinder Spatula Hydrochloric Acid Marble-Powder and Chip Boiling tube Bung Preliminary experiment. Before actually beginning my investigation, I will firstly carry out a preliminary investigation. This will help me to see the improvements that I can make after the experiment. I will be able to see possible downfalls and failures in my method, work out appropriate quantities of chemicals to use and generally improve the quality of the final experiment. Below is the set up apparatus that I will use for the preliminary experiment and the actual experiment: The preliminary experiment is performed so that I can predict the volume of acid, the mass of the chip and powder and the length of time that I will be timing for. 1. Firstly, I set up the apparatus. 2. I will specify a curtain mass of marble using a balance and I will place it into the boiling tube. 3. Then, I will measure a quantity of acid and quickly add it to the boiling tube whilst after quickly placing the bung onto the top of the tube. 4. I will record the amount of CO2 gas which is given off, every curtain amount of time. This will produce a rate of reaction. For many experiments the rate of reaction can be changed by altering curtain variables. For this reaction there is no catalyst, therefore we cannot alter this variable. However there are three main variables that could be changed: Temperature of the acid – this would be varied by starting off with the acid at room temperature (around 24i C) and then using acid with temperatures of 30i C, 40i C and 50i C. Concentration of the acid – the concentration would be varied three times, using hydrochloric acid with concentrations of 0. 5M, 1M and 2M. Surface area of the calcium carbonate – the surface area would be varied by using different sizes of calcium carbonate. I will predict that the 2m acid and the powder will be the fastest reaction as the acid is more compact with acid particles in the same volume of water. This helps more successful collisions take place between the particles. The more collisions there are the increased rate of reaction. I found out that I should use 1 gram of mass for the chip and powder marble and 30cmi of acid. This is because the reaction is not too fast or slow. I can get an acceptable number of results recorded. I will be using three different concentrations of acid, 0. 5m, 1m and 2m. (m=molar) The time I will be using will be starting at when the syringe starts to move up to 180 seconds. I will be keeping the amount of acid the same and the mass of the marble so that I conduct a fair test. The temperature was kept at 24i C-25i C. Results 0. 5m with chip 0. 5m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 2 20 4 30 5 40 6 50 7 60 8 70 9 80 16 90 17 100 18 110 20 120 21 130 22 140 24 150 25 160 26 170 27 180 31 Volume of acid = 30cmi Volume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 14 20 17 30 19 40 20 50 22 60 23 70 23 80 25 90 29 100 34 110 35 120 37 130 38 140 38 150 38 160 39 170 40 180 40 1 m with chip 1 m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g Volume of acid = 30cmi Volume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 21 20 30 30 36 40 38 50 39 60 31 70 42 80 43 90 43 10 44 110 44 120 44 130 44 140 44 150 44 160 44 170 44 180 44 Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 4 20 5 30 6 40 9 50 12 60 15 70 18 80 21 90 24 10 27 110 31 120 34 130 37 140 40 150 44 160 47 170 50 180 52. 2 m with chip 2 m with powder Mass of chip = 1. 0g Mass of powder = 1. 0g Volume of acid = 30cmi Volume of acid = 30cmi Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 5 20 9 30 13 40 16 50 22 60 26 70 33 80 36 90 46 10 46 110 46 120 51 130 54 140 57 150 57 160 57 170 57 180 57 Time (s) Volume (cmi ) 10 0-60 20 † 30 † 40 † 50 † 60 † 70 † 80 † 90 † 10 † 110 † 120 † 130 † 140 † 150 † 160 † 170 † 180 † Conclusion. After completing my experiment my results show me that as the concentration of the acid is increased, the reaction takes place faster and more gas is produced in a shorter space of time. Due to this I found that the 2M hydrochloric acid (the strongest concentration of acid I used) produced the most gas in the shortest time. The 0. 5M hydrochloric acid (the weakest concentration of acid I used) produced the least amount of gas in the longest time period. I can clearly see from the graph that the 2M hydrochloric acid gave the fastest reaction and produced the most gas in the shortest space of time, because the gradient of the curve is the steepest and goes far higher than the other curves showing that a larger amount of gas was produced because the ‘gas produced’ axis is the ‘y’ axis. The fact that the 2M acid had the steepest curve shows that the reaction was fastest because a large amount of gas was produced (high on the y axis) and in a short space of time (short on the x axis). This will give a steep gradient on the graph. The 0. 5M hydrochloric acid gave almost the opposite curve when the results were placed on a graph. Not much gas was produced in a long space of time and so the slope was very gentle and low on the graph. The 2M hydrochloric acid produced the most gas in the shortest amount of time and was generally a quicker reaction due to its significant difference in particle arrangement compared to the 0.5M and 1M hydrochloric acid. The more concentrated 2M hydrochloric acid has more acid particles in the same volume compared to the 1M and 0. 5M acid. This means there are more available acid particles to react with the calcium carbonate. The reaction will be quicker when using the 2M acid because there are more particles available to react with. The calcium carbonate particles can react with more acid particles quickly as they are easily accessible, whereas in the 0. 5M acid, there are few acid particles in a volume and so some calcium carbonate particles will have no acid particles to react with, causing the reaction to be slow and uneventful. All reactions will only occur if there is enough energy to make it happen. This minimum energy is known as activation energy. Activation energy is the minimum energy for which two reacting particles must collide for a reaction to take place. When particles collide they slow down, stop, and then fly apart again. This will occur regardless of whether they have enough energy to react. In an unsuccessful collision the particles separate unchanged, but in an effective collision the activation energy barrier is crossed and the particles that separate are chemically different from those that came together. I think my results are definitely sufficient to support my prediction. They equal everything I predicted and I am very pleased at how well they turned out. Evaluation I think that the experiment went very well. All my results matched my prediction and everything went ‘according to plan’. The gas produced by each acid had a steady increase however; there were a few rogue points. Overall I achieved what I set out to do. I would have liked more time on the experiment to make sure everything was perfect, though. Due to the short time limit we were quite rushed in completing the experiment. There were a few aspects of the experiment that could have been improved to make the experiment even more accurate. For a start the experiment was undertaken over a few days. Each day had a different temperature and so this would have affected the results. If one day had been hotter than the others the heat would have influenced one reaction to take place faster. Also due to the fact that the experiment lasted a few days, different equipment was being used each day. Some gas syringes were slightly stiffer than others and so wouldn’t move out as fast. If on one day you had a very stiff gas syringe that wouldn’t move very easily and on another day you had a very loose gas syringe, then the results would be very different as the loose gas syringe would give results that say that the reaction happened very fast and the stiff gas syringe would give results that say the reaction was slow. To prevent this from happening the experiment should have been undertaken and finished on the same day, using exactly the same equipment as you started with for each acid. The initial part of the reaction when the acid first reacts with the calcium carbonate is very fast. A lot of gas is produced at the beginning of the reaction. However the way the apparatus are set up means that when you pour the acid onto the calcium carbonate, there are a few seconds when the gas is able to escape before the gas syringe is connected to the test tube. To avoid this from happening a test tube containing the calcium carbonate should be placed inside a beaker containing the hydrochloric acid. They must not be touching, as the reaction would then start. Then the gas syringe will be connected to the beaker. When the reaction is ready to start, the beaker is knocked so that the test tube falls over, consequently causing the reaction to take place as the acid and carbonate would mix. Then when the initial gas is produced it will all be ‘caught’ as the gas syringe is already in place. The surface area of the calcium carbonate should also have been kept equal. The same number of equally weighted chips should have been used. E. g. all 1g chips. This way the reaction is fair and accurate, as a large surface area will cause the reaction to take place faster. Keeping all the surface areas the same would have kept the experiment fair. However to do this would have taken a long time and we only had a limited amount of time. Another way of keeping the temperature the same would have been to do the experiment in a water bath. This would have allowed us to do the experiment over a few days as well. Acid Rain. (2017, Aug 09).

Motorsport Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Motorsport - Research Paper Example These affected the event’s continual management. Large-scale sports events need effective management to avoid potential visitor’s impact on the communities and environment that locals reside. The  influences  can  either  be  direct or indirect and can infiltrate the relations in the community. Large-scale events like those found in motorsports are commonly known to be carried out among communities so as to attain a greater good. Hence the economic and promotional benefits overshadow the negative effects on the community. The research aims at exploring the social impacts of the World Rally Championships (WRC) 2009, in the State of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Kyogle Shire is one of the global locations for the World Rally Championships. The social impact study is a key aspect that forms a section of the triple bottom line approach that is desirable in the assessment of sporting events. After the realization of these negative impacts, governments, event managers, and community groups can appropriately minimize the negative impacts of future events. Further, they can leverage the benefits that are positive which are brought about to the community by events of this magnitude. The paper presents an examination of the social and cultural benefits and costs to a given rural community along the World Rally Community global route. Further, it proposes that social research for the future should be allowed in other locations of the events since cultural and social contexts and the physical environment whe re the event occurs differs significantly. The World Rally Championship is a motorsport event that is international. The Championship is staged yearly in twelve countries; it attracts approximately between eighty thousand and two hundred and ten thousand spectators to every single event (Hassan et al., 2009). The Championship being broadcasted in over two hundred and twenty-eight various countries

Risk takers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk takers - Coursework Example A risk-taker is a type of an entrepreneur who decides to involve oneself in a risky venture without necessarily taking consideration on the extent of the harm that the venture will cause. This type of an entrepreneur is full of vigor and strength and is fully prepared to undergo all the necessary downfalls that are attached to the risk. A perfect example for this is an entrepreneur buying out a bond during economic boom. In case of a chance of economic downturn, the individual will incur a lot of risk and the net worth of his investments will be negative. This is a type of an investor who doesn’t like involving oneself in risky ventures. He knows and understands the possible outcome of indulging oneself in such activities. This does not guarantee success in any of his ventures. This type of an individual clearly prepares himself to take a risk in case of an option where risk is involved and there is no loophole for escape. He clearly sets out steps to follow and possible procedures to take in case the risk binds him. A risk neutral person is neither a risk-taker nor a risk-averse entrepreneur; he operates comfortably in all the environments and is fully prepared to face the risk in case it binds him down. On the other hand, in case the risk doesn’t affect him, he emerges out as a victor. A risk-taker is bound to enjoy more success in his ventures than a risk-averse person. This is so, because, a risk-taker operates comfortably in a risky environment without necessarily taking caution, this binds him to succeed. A risk-averse takes caution in everything that he, in case of taking risk in order to achieve success, and then the risk-averse person does not comprehend. A risk-neutral entrepreneur operates comfortably under all the

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and Essay - 4

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and computers, has changed world culture - Essay Example ideoconferencing like communication channels help people to conduct meeting in the virtual world just like real world, no matter where the people are located. Social networking is another latest development in computer technology. It helps people from distant parts of the world to assemble in a common web platform and share their ideas, views, photos and videos. Social networks play a vital role in enhancing the intercultural communication. It should be noted that increase in intercultural communication may definitely contribute heavily to global peace and harmony. The recent revolutions in Libya and Egypt are often labeled as Facebook revolution. This is because of the huge role played by Facebook in empowering the people in these countries. Business is another area in which computers and internet have brought huge changes. Instead of typewriters and fax machines, computers and internet are used in the business world at present for preparing and sending documents. Earlier, documents were stored in paper formats in the business world. However, at present such things are stored in digital format so that the data may not be conserved for longer periods. It is quite possible for the business executives to conduct business meeting and negotiations in the virtual world just like real world. Moreover, computers and internet help business people to take quick decisions. Education is another area in which computer and internet have brought meaningful changes. Instead of traditional classrooms, computer assisted classrooms are used in educational institutions at present. Students can get any information at their fingertips with the help of a single click, from internet. The difficulties in searching particular information in a book are completely eliminated by computers and internet. Distant education made possible by computers and internet. It is easy for a student in America to get tuition classes from a teacher in India with the help of computers and internet at

Gear box Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Gear box Managment - Essay Example Cars and tractors – in fact, almost every vehicle – have a gear box or transmission which allows the driver to shift from slow to fast or maintain speed. Management is very important in the life of the vehicle, so do with the proper handling of the gearbox. The life of the driver or owner also depends partly in its proper management. Accidents can be avoided with proper management, not to mention the financial savings accumulated. A power train is where the power from the engine goes to and maybe said to be synonymous to the power of the vehicle itself. The driver train is also everything after the power train, i.e. on a rear wheel drive, clutch, transmission, driveshaft, differential, and axle, on a front wheel drive. Another definition of power train is: it is a train of gears and shafting transmitting power from an engine, motor, etc., to a mechanism being driven.1 There are a lot of concepts on the words power train (in some sites in the internet these two words are written as one word). Some experienced drivers and mechanics state that on front wheel driver cars, the power train consist of the engine, transmission, rear end, which are made (read: assembled) together †¦ and on rear wheel driver, the engine, transmission, drive shaft and rear end †¦ if the car has a standard transmission, the power train would include the clutch.2 In other words the power train runs the vehicle – in this case, the car or the tractor – for purposes of our discussion. And when we speak of maintenance, this may involve a wide array of expertise and the mechanic/driver can not just focus on the gearbox but the entire connections relative to the power train, the different shafts, up to the differential. Maintenance here is overloaded and, to be precise, sensitive; meaning go to details, a simple crack, slight noise, anything you notice peculiar that may lead your car to be left

Letter To The Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter To The Editor - Essay Example The analysis includes the intergenerational equity, the uncertainty of the imminent happenings, and the irreversible nature of the changes in the environment and the adoption of sustainable development. The components depict an important study that is beneficial to humans and their coexistence with the environment that is available in the earth.Societal steps to move from an empty world to a full world The whole global system requires that society equates the production rates with the depreciation rates. The instances call for a demographic transition that is for both humans and people. The other important step is the emphasis on the qualitative sector of the economy. The case implies to the society having more use of the technology and the service industry. The case will reduce the pressure on the environment. The investments, on the other hand, should also be with a focus on quality improvement or replacement of the same. The taxes that are prevalent in the society also need to cha nge. The taxing should be on value addition rather than the taxing worker and business incomes.The instance of labor-intensive employment should replace new production jobs. Individuals should transform into business owners. The situation will ensure they earn their income from a share of the company rather than working on a full-time basis.The role of eco-economics is a necessity. The political nature of the subject makes the ruling system to favor a system that gives room for the natural laws to be in effect.

Modern Ethical Theory or Pragmatism ( choose one) Research Paper

Modern Ethical Theory or Pragmatism ( choose one) - Research Paper Example These theories have in turn been relied upon heavily in determining the parameters of ethical and moral conduct across different cultures and under different circumstances. These theories draw from the ideas of great moral philosophers like John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, David Hume among others. Hume vs Kant vs Mill: Their different views on ethics and morality. By giving their views, all moral philosophers aim at describing the best standard of moral and ethical conduct. However, there normally arises a dilemma on which ethical theory should be applied because of the variations in how different philosophers view ethics and morality. These variations raise important questions in the approach to ethical problems and one of the key questions is the question of absolute good or relative good. Mill for example, takes a utilitarian view to ethics and morality. From such a view, the moral worth of human actions are determined by their resultant outcome (Shaw 32). Mill’s view of et hics and morality maximises overall pleasure by all available means. This means that the nature of an action is not a major issue of concern but its final outcome. This view therefore gives room for the breaking of some moral rules if this breaking increases happiness. Its main advantage is that it allows actions to be judged in a way that yields fairness to the greatest population. For example, it is unlawful, unethical and morally unjustifiable to kill another person. However, utilitarianism allows for the breaking of this rule in the case of self-defence either by civilians or police officers facing a dangerous criminal. Killing one dangerous criminal is less painful that one dangerous criminal killing many people. This action maximises happiness. In summary, this view of ethics and morality argues that the end justifies the means. Such a view of ethics and morality therefore considers the relative good of actions and not their absolute good. It avoids judgement of actions from e xtremists’ point of view which in many cases, leads to the suffering of many people. Its main disadvantage is that it does not consider the nature of human actions or the intentions behind them hence it can be used as a justification for wrong doings by some people. Kant holds to an opposing view to Mill in regard ethics and morality. According to Kant, the nature and not the result of human actions determine their moral worth. He argued that a good will is the only good thing and therefore, the will or the motive of the actor is the only factor that determines the moral worth of an action (Kant 97). This is a deontological view whereby ethical and moral actions are seen as the duty or obligations of every person towards other members of the society. The advantage of this view lies in its fairness. That is, human actions are judged depending on the extend to which they adhere to existing moral and ethical rules. It considers the absolute goodness of human actions hence it doe s not give room for the breaking of some rules. The main disadvantage to such a view is that it does not consider the role played by external pressures/factors in driving human actions. For example, no one can wait to be slaughtered like a sheep by another person holding a knife. The reaction will be to defend oneself by all means including hitting the attacker. If it happens that they die, the person who killed should be let free because they never intended to kill. The disadvantage of this

Occupational health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational health - Essay Example The injured will also be assisted in getting full compensation claims. The principle used in quick and major accidents is determining the hazards that should be corrected. Investigation report The information in the investigation report documents the findings of the investigation is as outlined below: Employee’s name There should be a brief description of the employee injured in the accident. Information about the employer should be provided as well. Date of accident and time should also be included in the report. The information provided will assist in confirming whether the information provided by the victim is genuine or not. Job title and department: Information concerning job title and department will assist in claiming insurance. The insurance company has to verify that such a person worked for a certain company in a certain department. Supervisor or lead personnel: The supervisor and management in a company are responsible for the safety of the workers failure to which they can be sued on legal grounds of neglect. As such, they should be included in an investigation report. Witnesses: Since the investigators are not able to investigate the scene of the accident immediately after occurrence of the accidents, witnesses act as a primary source of information. Brief description of the accident or incident: The victim should be able to offer information about what occurred. However, more effort should be put in trying to gather more information especially from witnesses. Body part affected: The victim should state which body part was affected when the vehicle hit him/her. This will enable proper compensation to be issued to the victim. Reason for seeking root cause The employer should be experienced enough to realize when accidents are caused by unsafe conditions. As such, attempts to find the human errors that were the causes of the accident should commence according to Filtzer, (2002). First of all, it is necessarily to examine a link of events or un derlying factors that may have led to the accident. Some of the questions asked by the employer include distraction, was the employee distracted so as to be hit by the vehicle?, Safe work procedure should always be followed, if not, there should be a reason why, Were safety devices in the vehicle in order during the time of the accident and whether the worker was trained? The employer should also contact the insurance firm after identifying the causes, report the findings and develop the appropriate corrective action according to Granger, (2010). The insurance should also evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and also implement it. Four possible root Causes of Accidents Accidents can be caused by task of personal factors. While some causes may be immediate, others are underlying such as in the case when management systems fail. Distraction Distraction falls under task factors. The behavior of the employee is best known to the employer according to Henry, (1837). The distraction of an employee is visible to the employer. As such, the employee should be the judge whether the distraction of an employee would have been the cause of the accident. The employer should also know the effects of the distraction experienced around the work area. There are some employees that have devastating effects when they are distracted and usually cause major accidents. Other task related factors include

New York City Adventure Essay Example for Free

New York City Adventure Essay My favorite trip Ive ever been on was definitely my first trip to New York City. Through the many stores and massive crowds of people I learned some important life lessons, other than how much I enjoy elbow room. The Big Apple was more that just a city to me, it was an experience, in fact, the whole trip was an experience! Whether it was the airplane ride to Manhattan, the city itself, or the Yankee game we went too, I had an amazing time. I never will forget that early morning where drove up to the Charlotte-Douglas Airport and I began my NYC journey. I walked in to see people scattered across the airport like ants after an anthill was knocked over. My parents instantly went to get our boarding passes but with all the noise it was hard to keep up. While my parents were getting a bag checked at the front desk I began to look around and I saw all the people. Little did I know how many people Id end up seeing in the next week alone! Then we began to roll our suitcases up to the security section of the airport. After just a few crazy minutes we were in the terminal area. It was hard to take in it all, but before I knew it I was boarding my plane to New York, New York! It all happened so fast, one second I was getting on a plane, the next I was sitting in a hotel looking down my window at The city that never sleeps (and with all the traffic and noise outside Im pretty sure the people here dont sleep either!). Despite my lack of sleep, early the next morning my family and I were walking through the streets of New York City. We walked through Rockefeller Center and saw some of the studios where TV shows were filmed. We went on a ferry ride to see The Statue of Liberty, which itself was a beautiful site. We ate classic foods for the area, like New York Pizza from Grand Central Station, and a hot dog from Coney Island. All together this made for the greatest day ever, and believe me I slept through the night since all that touring made me really tired! No matter how exhausted I was, I was ready to wake up and do it all again the next day! The day before we were going to take our trip back home we decided to go to a New York Yankee baseball game. I dont know that much about baseball, but It was still a great game! Though our seats werent great, we did get to see one of the most classic baseball teams do what they do best! Since I wasnt to attached to the game I got to sit back, drink my soda, and watch some good baseball. I must say the most exciting thing about the whole game didnt come till the final hours when the game went to over time. After 3 extra innings the star player slugged a ball right out of the park for the Yankees to win. It seemed like all the fans were dancing out of the stadium and it was a perfect way to end the perfect trip. We packed a lot of fun into such a short trip, sometimes ill look back and it feels like Im still in that crowded city walking the streets. With the taxis and all the unique people, Im not sure anyone could forget it! In retrospect I only wish I could have stayed longer to enjoy the trip even more! On the plane ride there, walking through the city, or sitting up high at the Yankees game, my first trip to New York City was the best trip Ive ever been on. Now I can say, one of the greatest things that ever happened to me was when I took a bite out of the Big Apple.

Role of Charged Lipids in Membrane Structure

Role of Charged Lipids in Membrane Structure An observation of BMC Bioinformatics Journal  on the Role of charged lipids in membrane structure In this journal, the experimenters make observations to note in saying that charged lipids play and important role in what they call a phenomenon. This includes lipid protein binding, membrane potential and membrane permeation (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In this journal the experimenters note the following; effects of charged lipids on membrane properties and effect of charged lipids on membrane proteins (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). They then go on to note what they call the interplay between charged lipids and Nano sized molecules or particles (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The objectives of the experimenters in this journal review and discuss the recent findings that describe charged lipids as active players in the membrane system (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters in this journal will discuss how charged lipids affect membrane properties. Then further expand on how their charged nature comes into play in lipid-protein interactions (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In further detail the experimenters focused on the recent simulation work done in the field and integrate the work in recent simulations with that of their own observations to experiments (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The tested hypotheses in this journal is represented as testing Phosphatidylcholine (PS) for key players in preprogrammed cellular death as discussed by computer generated simulations about the properties of charged lipids (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). Who in turn also plays many roles in a variety of different processes. The experimenters noted that the null hypothesis was testing phosphatidylinositol (PI) which is often involved in the modulation of membrane receptors and their signaling processes and testing to see if there was any significant difference between the two variables due to their role in many biological processes (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The materials and methods the experimenters introduce in this journal are preexisting scenarios. Having done their own research on charged lipids the experimenters inputted their data to continue the experimentation. The experimenters in this journal mention that that dependent variables are the various simulations of the (PS) (PI) that can get to the importance of atomistic details (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters used the force fields for complex charged lipids as the independent variables to change or manipulate the experiment. Specifically mentioning than any model can only be as good as the underlying force field referencing Insight into the Properties of Cardiolipin Containing Bilayers from Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Using a Hybrid All-Atom/United-Atom Force Field. In this journal the experimenters reference several terms. These terms represent a few of the many biologically relevant processes where charged lipids are highlighted in the importance of understanding the function of charged lipids in cells (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016): Phosphatidylcholine or (PS): is one of the key players in programmed cell death and phosphatidylinositol or (PI): which is often involved in the modulation of membrane receptors and their signaling processes. Using already existing simulations the experimenters manipulate the force fields of the lipid bilayers in order to test the hypotheses. In this journal the results show that the experimenters have failed to reject the null hypothesis in determining that the simulation data has shown in what they refer to as a convincing manner that specific details are often important in determining the properties of charged lipids. It is not only the charge that matters. If it did, then lipids such as PS and PI would largely have the same effects, which is the not the case (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters in this journal note that the (PI) lipids have been observed to cluster around several human RTKs and around EGFR and state the same could be said about the (PS) except that the (PI) has a better chance in interacting with proteins than the latter (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). The experimenters also note that the (PI) chemical details matter as well because the different properties of the (PI) lipids show. In conclusion the experimenters mention that (PS) (PI) have both had their fair share of attention in biology. The experimenters continue to state that when (PS) (PI) are incorporated into bilayers they have been shown to increase the ordering of phosphatidylcholine (PC) chains and state they stiffen the bilayers. The experimenters making a considerable note; state that there has been a great deal of a lack of attention being paid to diffusion. Or as they put it dynamics of charged lipids. Being specific in noting that there is a clear void for future research to fill (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). In this journal the experimenters mentioned that future work would be more than welcomed in this field stating that this field of study for complex charged lipids is not a simple feat when pertaining to force fields (Pà ¶yry Vattulainen, 2016). Comparatively speaking, the experimenters state that it is difficult to find commonalities especially when the models being tested in various studies are based on different force fields. Lastly and concluding the journal the experimenters state that studies based on the same force field work would most likely have more reliable trends that are revealing and would be most welcome. References Cited Pà ¶yry, S. Vattulainen, I. (2016). Role of charged lipids in membrane structures Insight given by simulations. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes, 1858(10), 2322-2333. D. Aguayo, F.D. Gonzalez-Nilo, C. Chipot, Insight into the properties of cardiolipin  containing bilayers from molecular dynamics simulations, using a hybrid all-atom/united-atom force field, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8 (2012) 1765-1773. Abstract Reference: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.016

Value Action Gap Outcomes Management Essay

Value Action Gap Outcomes Management Essay The value-action gap is a term used to describe the gap that can occur when the values or attitudes of an individual do not correlate to their actions. More generally, it is the difference between what people say and what people do. This discrepancy is most associated within environmental geography, as usually attitudes affect behavior; however the opposite often seems to be the case with regard to environmental attitudes and behaviors. The outcome is that there is a gap between the high value people place on the natural environment and the relatively low level of action taken by individuals to counter environmental problems.( The outcome is that there is a disparity between the value placed on the natural environment and the level of action taken by individuals to counter environmental problems. )This disparity has been termed the value-action gap, or occasionally, it is referred to as the attitude-behavior gap (Kollmuss and Agyeman 2002). Therefore, it is not a change in attitudes that is required, but a fundamental shift in behavior towards the environment and individuals use of natural resources, to ensure sustainable development and conservation of the environment. Debates surrounding the issue of the value-action gap have mainly taken place within environmental and social psychology. Research is often based within cognitive theories of how attitudes are formed and how this affects individuals behavior (Blake 1999). The research suggests that there are many internal and external factors that affect behavior and the reasons behind consumer choices. Therefore, it can be difficult to identify the exact reasons for why this gap exists, as it can be due to a number of reasons. When purchasing a product for example, many attributes are assessed when making decisions. Dickson (2000) suggests that the most significant factors affecting the reasons behind buying behavior are; price, quality, convenience, and brand familiarity. Young et al (2010) argue point out that the gap can also be due to brand strength; culture, finance; habit; lack of information; lifestyles; personalities; or, trading off between different ethical factors (p22). Therefore, environmental or ethical considerations are often not taken into account, regardless of attitudes people have regarding the environment. Time or convenience is usually a major determinant of consumer behaviour, and therefore a gap between values and behavior is understandable. Moreover, Chatzidakis et al (2007) argue that consumers use neutralisation techniques to justify pursuing their more selfish goals instead of purchasing environmental friendly or ethical products. Therefore, environmental values are usually less dominant in the decision-making. Development of the idea: Summary: The usual theories of reasoned action argue that values and actions are related. The theory of reasoned action states that behavioral intention is dependent on attitudes surrounding that behavior and social norms (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975). This means that a person acts or behaves in a way that correlates to their attitudes towards that behavior. Therefore, a persons voluntary behavior can be predicted by his/her attitudes and values on that behavior (Kaiser et al 1999). Homer and Kahle (1988) argue that attitudes influence behaviors and therefore values can explain the reasons behind human behavior. However, the opposite appears to be the case for certain actions, especially those related to environmental or ethical actions. In recent decades, public support for environmental protection measures has grown and, according to Barr (2004), there has also been a growing interest in ethical consumption. This has been fuelled by pressure groups, consumer groups, and even businesses (Young et al 2010).  Furthermore, increased media coverage of environmental disasters and social problems has also resulted in a heightened concern of such issues. This was given a political boost by the publication of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (Stern 2006). Therefore, people are more aware of environmental issues, such as global warming or climate change. It is often reported that many people have a high concern for environmental issues and ethical consumption, for example, Dunlap (2002) states that 54% of Americans agreed environmental protection was a key priority, even if economic growth was restricted. Furthermore, Banerjee and Solomon (2003) also argue that the general support for Ecolabels and ethic al foods is high among the public. With these studies in mine, it is expected that there would be an increase in pro-environmental behavior, such as recycling, or limiting energy usage (Flynn et al 2010). However, these positive attitudes have not translated into a large increase these behviours and ethical consumption is still relatively low (Aguiar et al 2009). Thus, attitudes are not always a clear prediction of behavior, resulting in the value-action gap. For example, the the market share for ethical goods is low as according to Young et al (2010) the market share of ethical foods is only 5% of total food sales in the UK. Furthermore, as Dickson (2000) points out, ethical labelling initiatives such as legally logged wood, and fair-trade products, often have market shares of less than 1%. Thus, consumers buying behaviour does not reflect their positive attitudes toward ethical products (De Pelsmacker et al 2006). This means that other factors are more significant that values relating to the environment. Factors that affect behavior: There are many factors that lead to an individuals behavior, and therefore it is not just personal values that affect behavior. There are many different theories regarding how consumers make decisions. These can be applied to try and explain why there is a value-action gap for some behaviors. For example, microeconomic theory (consumer, household theory) states that, humans make decisions that maximize their utility (Sammer and Wà ¼stenhagen 2006:188). Therefore, if buying ethical or environmental products does not maximize their utility then they will not purchase them, regardless of their attitudes towards these issues. Making these decisions requires a comparison of the costs and benefits of alternative actions, rather than about certain values, within their budgetary constraint. This means other factors, such as price or quality, are still more important. Vermeir and Verbeke (2006) suggest that the three main determinants of behavioral intention with relevance to sustainable consumption are; values, needs, and motivations; information and knowledge; and behavioral control. They argue that consumers are passive when it comes to supporting environmental improvements within their budget. Behavior is often based on habit and therefore values concerning the environment are often not taken into consideration. Therefore, this can account for the low market share of sustainable products (Minteer et al 2004). These theories can explain the gap that appears between attitudes and actions. Application (Further explanation and examples): Even though many support ethical trade in principle, this is often not taken into consideration as a purchase criterion. Cohen and Murphy (2001) argue that for around 40% of consumers the environmental friendliness of a product will never be a factor in purchasing decisions regardless of positive attitudes towards ethical consumption. There are many studies which support the existence of a value-action gap. Mostly these can be found within the field of environmental geography. Lane and Potter (2007) found a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior regarding the adoption of cleaner vehicles. They reported that concern for the environmental impact of cars did not result in behavioral changes at the individual level. Thus, what consumers reported as their intended actions or concerns often did not translate into their actual behavior. Furthermore, Vermeir and Verbeke (2006) also found that positive consumer attitudes towards sustainability were not consistent with their behavioral patterns. They found that attitudes were positive whereas intentions to buy sustainable dairy products were low. They also found that peoples perceptions of the availability of sustainable dairy products was low, which might explain why attitudes were positive yet intentions to buy were low. Additionally, evidence of this gap has been found with organic food as illustrated by Hughner et al (2007) who show that despite 46-67% of the population expressing favorable attitudes for organic food, the actual purchase behavior is only 4-10% of different product ranges. Three/four main issues/debates described below: Information gap: One explanation for the discrepancy between attitudes buying behaviour is the perceived lack of availability of certain products and lack of information (Dickson 2000). Therefore, because there was a lack of information about environmentally friendly behavior this caused the gap between values and attitudes. Traditional thinking supported the idea that increased knowledge tended to encourage favorable attitudes which, in turn, lead to pro-environmental action. Burgess et al (1998) called this the information deficit model. Therefore, increasing knowledge and awareness surrounding environmental and ethical issues should result in behavioral changes. Burgess et al (1998) argue that filling the values-action gap with information would lead result in a change in public behaviors towards the environment. Furthermore, Owens (2000: 1142) argues that if people had more information about environmental risks, they would become more virtuous. Some are that to increase environmental action there needs to be educational marketing campaigns on the ethical and environmental issues Thus, the main motivations for actions are self-interest rather than altruistic. Therefore, to increase environmental action products must aim to change perceptions by using. McEachern and McClean (2002). However, so far no one has been able to confirm the validity of such a model (Kollmuss and Agyeman, 2002). As a result, the decision-making process could be considered as almost unpredictable: positive attitudes were not necessarily followed by positive intentions. Therefore, attitudes alone are a poor predictor of intentional behavior. As such, there seemed to be many more factors that influenced pro-environmental behavior. Barr and Gilg (2002) argue that just increasing information will not lead to behavior change that would close this gap. Due to the increased media attention surrounding environmental issues, and products such as Fairtrade having a high profile, it could be argued that there is already a lot of information on these issues, and many are aware of the issues. It is genuinely considered that many have a high regard for environmental issues. Sammer and Wà ¼stenhagen (2006) point out that while people may be aware of ethical and environmental issues and products that attempts to solve these issues, this does not necessarily mean that it plays a major role in their buying decision. . 99% of respondents in both surveys reported that they had heard the terms global warming and climate change, and most respondents said they knew a fair amount about these terms (Thornton, 2009) Yet, because the market share of these products and level of environmental action is quite low, there is exits a gap between attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, the key issue is why our attitudes often fail to materialize into concrete actions (Barr 2004). Blake (1999) many national policies are based on this idea of an information deficit model of participation. For example, Going for Green (GFG). It is considered the most effective means to overcome the value-action gap is by translating environmental concern into pro-environmental behavior. This can be done through increasing information. The core assumption is that the main barrier between environmental concern and action is the lack of appropriate information. The GFG argue that the most effective way to encourage people to act is to give locally relevant information and highlight a few facts. Environmental concern and basic environmental action (such as recycling), are now becoming widespread throughout the population. However, few people take environmental actions which involve changes to their lifestyle. This may mean that environmental actions people take may be unrelated to the particular concerns that they express about the environment. This environmental value-action gap is clearly of key importance to environmental policy, not least because it is repeated at other scales, involving different actors: thus local or national government, business and even international organizations have policies whose effects fail to match up to the environmental concerns people are expressing. the attitude-behavior relationship is moderated by two primary sets of variables: the structure of personal attitudes themselves; and external or situational constraints. . Attitudes are likely to be better predictors of behavior if the attitudes in question are strong relative to other (possibly conflicting) attitudes, and based on direct experience. Situational constraints mainly refer to whether the behavior is in line with the individuals favored social norms, which in turn are influenced by different social, economic, demographic and political contexts. . Research has shown that people do not have a fixed, rational and ready-made set of values that will be activated by parti cular calls to action; rather peoples values are negotiated, transitory and sometimes contradictory. these findings suggest that the value-action gap cannot be overcome simply by using an information deficit model of individual participation, as empowerment of individuals to act does not of itself guarantee action without an appropriate institutional location within which action is located, policy turns from raising environmental awareness to promoting pro-environmental behavior, possibly involving lifestyle change, Blake 1999 As Eden (1996) has argued: policy still fails to appreciate the huge gulf between information and action, between understanding as awareness and understanding as the cause of behavior. Policy-makers seem to assume that environmental education, drawing from scientific work, will lead to people making the link between policy and action and acting in order to meet policy objectives, (p. 197) Barriers to behavior: Ajzen Fishbein have developed an additional theory of reasoned action and planned behavior. they argue that individual attitudes must include an intention to carry out a specific action that reflects a reasoned evaluation of the likely consequences of that action. Ajzen, I. Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall). other researchers have pointed out that these intentions are related to more general values, worldviews and beliefs (e.g. Stern et al, This theoretical approach has also been the dominant influence on public and policy research into public attitudes, Different people will interpret and respond to the same environmental information in unpredictable and often highly variable ways, at times producing a quite opposite interpretation to the one expected by those (often in the policy community) who promulgate the information (Myers Macnaghten, 1998). Thus individuals must accept responsibility for the future, but conditions, institutions and their own day-to-day responsibilities constrain their actions (Myers Macnaghten, 1998, p. 346). Myers, G. Macnaghten, P. (1998) Rhetorics of environmental sustainability: commonplaces and places, Environment and Planning A, 30(2), pp. 333-353. The causes of this gap between attitude and behavior can be explained in terms of personal, social and structural barriers to action. Different barriers often overlap or work in conjunction to limit behavioral change. However, these barriers can be tackled, It is considered that there are numerous barriers of motivations for individual action. microeconomic theory (consumer, household theory), which says that humans make decisions that maximize their utility (Sammer and Wà ¼stenhagen 2006:188). Furthermore, many people act impulsively and in ways that do not correspond to their declared evaluations and goals (Boulstridge and Carrigan, (2000). Attitudes often derive from social norms. For example, Schwartz (1977, cited in Jackson, 2005) has suggested in his Norm Activation Theory that the intention to perform a proenvironmental or pro-social behaviour is based on the acceptance of personal responsibility for ones actions and an awareness of their consequences. (p166) Blake (1999)- three different categories of obstacles that exist between the sphere of concern and that of action: individuality; responsibility and practicality. that both psychological and institutional factors affect individual action. Which factors are important in any one case will vary for different individuals, environmental actions, and social or institutional constraints. individual barriers refers to what social psychologists would call personal attitudes or cognitive structure. Environmental concerns are outweighed by other conflicting attitudes. wrong type of person to do certain types of environmental actions, such as campaigning. peoples perceptions of institutions and responsibility. At present, despite general environmental concern, that evaluation is often negative. Even if individual factors would support environmental action, people may still not act because they do not feel that they (as individuals) should take the responsibility for helping to solve environmenta l problems. practical social or institutional constraints that may prevent people from adopting pro-environmental action, regardless of their attitudes or intentions. These include lack of time, lack of money and lack of physical storage space (in the case of recycling), as well as lack of information, encouragement and pro-environmental facilities such as recycling and adequate public transport provision. Some people may also be physically unable to carry out some environmental actions. Clearly, there will be overlaps between the three sets of obstacles, and the reasons why people do not engage in pro-environmental action will not always fall into such neat categories. classification shows is that at a particular moment, and in a particular place, distinctions can be made between different types of barriers that may prevent individual environmental action, and that policy will need to respond in differentiated ways. policies need to also tackle other individual, social and institut ional barriers. Not just provide more information or recycling facilities. organizations that are trusted more by the public, such as environmental NGOs, are likely to be most successful. The factors involved in making people willing to reduce environmental damage are fundamentally different from the factors involved in making people take active steps to reduce damage and to improve the environment. The gap dilemma: Market-based mechanisms. Solutions: Criticism: 4 See also Attitudes, behavior, cognitive psychology, social psychology, theory of planned behavior

Dehumanization in Night Essay -- The Holocaust Experience, Elie Wiese

Many themes exist in Night, Elie Wiesel’s nightmarish story of his Holocaust experience. From normal life in a small town to physical abuse in concentration camps, Night chronicles the journey of Wiesel’s teenage years. Neither Wiesel nor any of the Jews in Sighet could have imagined the horrors that would befall them as their lived changed under the Nazi regime. The Jews all lived peaceful, civilized lives before German occupation. Eliezer Wiesel was concerned with mysticism and his father was â€Å"more involved with the welfare of others than with that of his own kin† (4). This would change in the coming weeks, as Jews are segregated, sent to camps, and both physically and emotionally abused. These changes and abuse would dehumanize men and cause them to revert to basic instincts. Wiesel and his peers devolve from civilized human beings to savage animals during the course of Night. Segregation from the rest of society begins the dehumanization of Sighet Jews. The first measure taken by the Hungarian Police against Jews is to label them with yellow stars. Early in Night, while life is still normal despite German occupation of their town, Wiesel explains: â€Å"Three days later, a new decree: every Jew had to wear the yellow star† (11). This decree is demoralizing to Jews because it labels them and sets them apart from the rest of Sighet’s population. Like trees marked for logging or dogs marked with owner tags, many people in Sighet are marked with yellow stars, to reveal their Jewish faith. Avni describes Wiesel and the Jews as being â€Å"propelled out of himself, out of humanity, out of the world as he knew it† (Avni 140). The Jews are taken out of the normal lives they have led for years and are beginning to follow new rules... ...ely so, since they are so close to death. Their lives are only about death. Through segregation, loss of identity, and abuse, Wiesel and the prisoners around him devolve from civilized human beings into savage animals. The yellow stars begin separation from society, followed by ghettos and transports. Nakedness and haircuts, then new names, remove each prisoner’s identity, and physical abuse in the form of malnourishment, night marches, and physical beatings wear down prisoners. By the end of Night, the prisoners are ferocious from the experiences under German rule and, as Avni puts it, â€Å"a living dead, unfit for life† (Avni 129). The prisoners not only revert to animal instincts, but experience such mental trauma that normal life with other people may be years away. Night dramatically illustrates the severe dehumanization that occurred under Hitler’s rule.

A New Species of Whale :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Questions Surrounding a New Species of Whale During the month of September in 1998 an amazing and unique discovery was found by a group of scientists when they went out to the Sea of Japan. There, they collected the carcass of a medium sized baleen whale. This was the ninth specimen needed to complete the research on discovering this new species. This species of the baleen whale did resemble the fin whale, another species of the baleen whale. However, this carcass was much smaller in size. After comparing DNA data of the external morphology, osteology, and mitochondrial, scientists were able to classify all they found into a new and different species. This new species, which was named after a Japanese cetologist, H. Omura, has a unique cranial morphology and a small number of baleen plates. Another wonderful discovery was made while doing this research as well, that was that one of the species of baleen whale could actually be classified into two unique species, Eden’s whale and Bryde’s whale. There were thought to be only five species of the baleen whale. But after the new discovery was made the number had risen to eight. This finding, however, raises many questions about animal’s rights. In order for the scientists to get information on this new species they had to murder nine other whales, one ‘accidentally.’ This finding was a great feat for science because it is important to learn as much as we can about a species before they become extinct. The rate in which large aquatic mammals are reaching extinction has been rising. So although there is much to be found and much that has been found about not only the new species of the baleen whale, but also the other two species that have risen to the surface, it was not done without farthing along the extinction process of another species. The scientists claim that the research necessary to compile all the facts regarding the new species of whale did not start until a ninth whale was accidentally killed. However, there were eight other whales, five females and three males, whose death were not accidental. Who were killed for the sole purpose of scientific information. Whose species could all be in danger of extinction. This find was seen as extremely important and necessary because of the rate in which large mammals are becoming extinct.

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the Fifties Essay

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the Fifties In the early 1950s the films of Douglas Sirk led the way in defining the emerging genre of the Hollywood melodrama. "Melodrama" strictly means the combination of music (melos) and drama, but the term is used to refer to the "popular romances that depicted a virtuous individual (usually a woman) or couple (usually lovers) victimized by repressive and inequitable social circumstances" (Schatz 222). Sirk's films were commercially successful and boosted the careers of stars like Lauren Bacall, Jane Wyman, and Rock Hudson, who was in seven of Sirk's thirteen American films (Halliday 162-171). Although critics in the fifties called the films "trivial" and "campy" and dismissed them as "tearjerkers" or "female weepies" (Schatz 224), critics in the seventies re-examined Sirk's work and developed an "academic respect for the genre" and declared that the films actually had "subversive relationship to the dominant ideology" (Klinger xii). Douglas Sirk's Magnificent Obsession (1954) and Imitatio n of Life (1959) are representative of the techniques melodramas used to address relevant fifties issues like class, gender, and race. One characteristic of melodrama is the "lavishly artificial and visually stylized scenery (Schatz 234) which is exploited in Magnificent Obsession. Numerous scenes take place in moving convertibles, where the motion of the car is out of synch with the motion of the scenery. Whenever possible, rooms have large picture windows showing magnificent, but obviously fake outdoor landscapes. At one point a scene on the lakeshore cuts directly from a shot of Helen (Jane Wyman) sitting in front of a real horizon to a close-up of her sitting in front of a brightly c... ...ltural form" (Klinger xii). Works cited Aull, Felice. "Magnificent Obsession". http://mchipO0.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-me...cs/webfilms.magnificent.obses3-film-.html Ellison, Ralph. Shadow and Act. Vintage International: New York, 1953. FilmFrog Archives: Lecture given at Sonoma State University (1995), Imitation of Life (1959). http://yorty.sonoma.edu:80/filmfrog/archive/Imitation_of_Life.html Halliday, Jon. Sirk on Sirk: Interviews With Jon Halliday. New York: Viking, 1972. Imitation of Life. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1959. Klinger, Barbara. Melodrama and Meaning: History, Culture, and the Films of Douglas Sirk. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994. Magnificent Obsession. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1954. Schatz, Thomas. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981.

Merchant of Venice Outline Essay

In the play The Merchant of Venice Shylock, a rich Jewish moneylender in Venice agrees to loan Bassanio three thousand ducats on Antonio’s guarantee. Shylock is made to be the villain in the Merchant of Venice because of some of the things he does. But even though he may not have been the only one in the wrong, he is still guilty of the deadly sins of, avarice, envy, and wrath. Shylock is guilty of avarice for these reasons; for one Shylock loans money to Antonio at the cost of a pound of flesh if Antonio does not pay him back. Shylock knows that Antonio will not be able to pay him back, so that is why he chose a pound of flesh as punishment. Secondly Shylock does not work for wealth, instead he loans out money with very high rates of interest and makes money that way. Lastly the fact that Shylock is based upon greed. For example when his daughter Jessica runs away taking his money and jewels he was only angered at losing his money but not his daughter. Shylock is guilty of envy for these reasons; for one Antonio lends out money with little to no interest while shylock lends out money with very high interest so it makes Shylock’s business go down. Secondly, when in court Portia led Shylock to believe that he was going to be able to take a pound of flesh from Antonio, so Shylock was happy that he was going to be able to hurt Antonio and get his revenge. Shylock is guilty of wrath for these reasons; one as a Jew, Shylock has great disdain for Christians and that is why he agreed to the loan of money to Antonio, so that he could get a Christian to pay for the mistreatment he claims he has been given. Secondly, when Shylock was in court and the proceedings did not go his way he began to get angry. Lastly when Shylock became enraged because his possessions were stolen by his daughter, instead of trying to see the real reason why his daughter did what she did. So in the end there are many ways to prove Shylock a bad person. Whether it be that he is full of greed or just out to get revenge, Shylock is still guilty. But even though he may not be the only one in the wrong, he is still guilty of the deadly sins of, avarice, envy, and wrath.

Experiential Leadership Project Progress Report Essay

This paper is an experiential leadership project whose subject is, Sandra Ussery, my direct supervisor at work. Sandra’s title is Pricing Systems Supervisor, under FedEx National LTL. At present she oversees nine direct employees. Sandra’s boss is Diane Lia, the Pricing Systems Manager for FedEx National LTL. Diane has two direct employees and nine indirect employees. The main reason I have chosen to focus on Sandra is because she is in a newly created position. Good supervisors are people who, even when they must correct someone, can â€Å"step on your toes without messing up your shine. They give people a shot in the arm without letting them feel the needle. People seem to need encouragement most when they sense that they have really failed. Perhaps they failed the boss, or the organization or just failed themselves. In any case, it is at that moment that the leader needs to show her character—how she is able to help them along with the healing process. My supervisor, Sandra Ussery, is that kind of a boss and many more. This paper aims to gather an evaluation of her from those people under her. It shall also provide a copy of the questionnaire which I used in gauging the kind of leadership she implements with her staff. The process of evaluating an individual’s performance contains elements of positive and negative reinforcement. How well people perform is largely determined by whether their performance is evaluated or rewarded. Many organizations, especially smaller ones, do not have formal evaluation programs because they have survived without them in the past and they see no benefit for them in the future. Yet, performance management is essential even among supervisors because they upgrade the level of the human performance of organizations. They identify problem areas in the workplace when it comes to human resources. Although the situation does not appear to be in need of full attention right now, the implications will be felt later on by organization if they do not act consciously on the issue. There are adjustments that include minimum and accessorial charges, including additional adjustments in select lanes and service areas. The FedEx Freight Segment accumulated annual revenues of $3. 6 billion in fiscal year 2006. This includes FedEx Freight, a leading U. S. provider of regional next-day and second-day and interregional LTL freight services. The company is known for its high performance and exceptional service and reliability. FedEx Freight extends its service to all U. S. ZIP codes. It is supported by its principle of no-fee- money-back guarantee on all eligible continental U. S. shipments. It gives service to Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe and Asia. Holding corporate office in Memphis, Tennessee, the FedEx Freight Segment also includes FedEx National LTL, a leading provider of long-haul LTL services throughout North America. Looking at this description, this paper maintains that every organization needs to start where it should be rightly so—the individual. The FedEx National LTL, is a leading U. S. provider of long-haul LTL freight services. Federal Express purchased original employer, Watkins Motor Lines last June. Prior to this purchase, the pricing systems department, which was called the auto rate department under Watkins, had no supervisor. The supervisor position was created to have someone to train new employees as they were added to that department. Prior to four others and myself moving to the department in the span of a year, there had been no new additions to that department for seven years. After the acquisition, the supervisor job was created so that the manager of that department could focus on working with managers of other departments at our location and at other operating companies to integrate our systems together. FedEx National LTL, which is the operating company that I work for, specializes in providing low-cost transportation to our customers with slower turn around times. Our partner freight company, FedEx Freight, specializes on one to two day turnaround times at a higher cost. The main reason we were purchased was to add the long haul, low cost service to FedEx’s already quick turnaround customers. FedEx National LTL operates in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, but we can transport a shipment through the various operating companies anywhere in the world. The main factors affecting the companies operation at this time is the integration of our system into theirs. Our department takes pricing that is negotiated with our customers and we input it into our automated rating system. This system is designed to automatically apply pricing to freight bills so that no one has to manually rate them. This process is a huge cost saver to the company and is a highly focused on at FedEx. Federal Express has a mandate to input all pricing into this system, this way they have to pay few people to rate the bills. The problem we are facing is to integrate our automated rating program with theirs. Also, their operating systems are different than ours, but based on the same platform, so all the managers of the IT, IS, and Pricing Application departments are focused on integrating these systems. There is a comprehensive network of nearly 330 service centers and advanced information systems, FedEx Freight provides service to virtually all U. S. ZIP codes, including Alaska and Hawaii. The carrier’s regional and interregional LTL service is supported by a no-fee money-back guarantee on all eligible continental U. S. shipments. It gives service to Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe and Asia. Holding corporate office in Memphis, Tennessee, the FedEx Freight Segment also includes FedEx National LTL, a leading provider of long-haul LTL services throughout North America. In general, the company offers customers and businesses worldwide with services in transportation, e-commerce and business services. The annual revenue is a staggering $34 billion. It is known worldwide as having trustworthy and admired employers. It has more than 275,000 employees. Contractors employ positive safety with a high ethical and professional standard. As I said before, what I want to do with my project is collect feedback from my fellow coworkers, some of which have been there less than a year and others who have been there ten years or more. I have already discussed this project with my manager, supervisor, and coworkers and all of them have agreed to provide information and feedback, as I need it. Since, most of the senior people have worked with Sandra for at least five years, I will be able to get their impression of her and her leadership abilities. Sandra did not train many of the seasoned people, so I will discuss with the four new people how effective they feel she was as a trainer. I also plan to evaluate her based on the leadership styles I learned in the course. I want to see if Sandra tends to focus on one style or varies in styles and approaches depending on the employee and the situation. She has agreed to let me observe her a few times a week during the course of this project so that I may see her leadership style at work. I believe the best way to determine a particular style is to observe her actions towards me and other members of the department. I have contacted Human Resources to see if I can get a Job Description for her position in order to see what is required from her and her assigned tasks. While I am observing her I will use these criteria to see if she is confident in completing these tasks. I will use these criteria to evaluate her leadership ability and her ability to meet the needs of the company. I plan to be as objective as I can with this report, especially since I have only been with the company for two years, and in this department for about seven months. I plan to use the leadership styles outlined in the book as a guide to determining her style or styles of leadership. I want to gather as much data from coworkers and my manager on Sandra, since I have spent little time working with her. I want to see how the perceptions of those employee’s that have worked with her for a long time differ from those of us that are new. I believe that using the information outlined in our book, the job description qualifications and expectations, and the observations and information collected from coworkers and myself will help to determine if she is an effective leader. According to Dennie Carey, senior vice president, marketing, FedEx Freight, â€Å"Whether operating fast cycle logistics or planned distribution, shippers have told us they require a high degree of certainty, shipment integrity and actionable information. † The company meets customer needs by continuing to invest in their people, equipment, facilities and technologies. FedEx Freight has improved service in 3,000 lanes. Add to this is the safety features to its tractors and this ushered the easy access to its regional and long-haul service via the internet. It has also taken over the operations of Watkins Motor Lines in September, FedEx National LTL. It now focuses on the market with a highly engineered network. Sandra Ussery is a manager with faith in her staff. Part of any working day is given over to tracking and checking the progress that has been delegated throughout her staff. This is not about looking over the shoulders of her staff, but about monitoring the progress of the given program of the moment. Most people need reminders and her staff finds her as the ultimate â€Å"reminderer† in the organization. The people who most enjoy working with her are those who are self-starters, self-disciplined individuals who bring her the results of their projects before she ever has a chance to check on their progress. After a while, she learns whom she needs to remind and whom she can count on to follow through without reminders. She is able to encourage empowerment of all staff since she recognizes that this is very important in making changes more effective. The more involved people are in the process of change, the more effective the change will be and the more lasting it will be for the company (Coyle and Kossek, 2000). Definitely, Ussery enhances her staff’s ability to influence other subordinates in order to facilitate efficient decision making process within the organization. Those directly under her like and who worked with her within a year or so like Jessica, Jane, David, Daniel, Jerri, Sheila find that she exercises authoritative leadership ith them. This may be so because she trained them directly and she knows that these people would understand her when she wants things done perfectly. Authoritative leadership is the most effective in terms of generating changes for the company. Authoritative leaders as she is, she is very clear on what she wants to accomplish. She also has the ability to invoke to her staff the significance of their job in the accomplishment of the company’s goals. This means therefore, that employees or the team knows their roles in the grand goal of the company. Through the strategic positioning of a vision, an Ussery provides standard on which the results of the team can be evaluated. The other staff like Scot, Cathie, Penny, and Diane, who is also Sandra’s manager, find her diversifying her leadership style to ensure that they are applied appropriately to certain situations. These people say that Sandra balances her authority and democracy in her leadership styles. They evaluate her as having the sensitivity and emotional capacity to recognize what would be the most appropriate leadership strategy that is being called for by the situation. In many cases using just one strategy cannot generate effective results. One of the important components in leadership is also recognizing the potential of an assigned leader. Characteristics of the leader have been known to be very important in the achievement of goals. This is very important in the context of the FedEx where implementations of projects are assigned to specific leadership and utmost excellence is needed. According to many psychological studies, which aim to recognize the character behind some of the effective leaders in successful organizations, emotional intelligence is very important for many leaders (Goleman, 2000). This has been widely reviewed in many literatures. According to Goleman (2000) this emotional intelligence can be reflected on the ability of leaders to have the necessary social skills. This means that they must be able work well with their people under different circumstances to ensure that there are no barriers to communication. This would help the problem to be resolved immediately and for improvements of the programs be initiated efficiently. They must also have high levels of motivation, which would allow them to do things through initiative and exceed the expected results. These are all seen in Sandra, as evaluated by her people and they especially find that she is really flexible as well to the call of the times and the moment. Finally she knows her limitations and admit that she cannot possibly do everything without the able help of her staff likewise. Ms. Sandra Ussery is a good manager because she taught me through her example how to get the job done. I started taking notes and wondering what I would do if I were in charge. I looked and listened and collected a catalog of what people liked and disliked and collected a catalog of what people liked and disliked about management. She would often come up to me and say, â€Å"Here’s what we are going to do,† and made us believe we could do it. From that moment on, I was ready. Are you ready? You’ve got to take stock and honestly answer the question. It requires huge amounts of time and effort. Not everyone is willing to make the commitment and the sacrifices. She often would say that she gets a high watching people succeed. Making people’s actions visible by publicizing and recognizing their work strengthens others. It opens doors to potential new relationships because people are more aware of one another’s contributions. Success is an attractive magnet for pulling people together and increasing their attachment to the project. Ms. Ussery points out that building stable political coalitions is often based on making certain that participants’ involvement is publicized. She notes that good press is an essential political currency. While publicizing other people’s actions heightens people’s sense of personal power. It builds commitment because it makes it more difficult for people to dissociate themselves from the actions and activities that they were recognized for. There is also a rising literature today on leadership that emphasizes the need to inspire collaboration. This is the emerging mainstream form of leadership where power in the process of decision making is more decentralized. There is now a present emphasis on the ability of group collaboration to actually facilitate the achievement of the goals. Collaborative leadership is practiced by Sandra as an effective means of communication that could actually imbibe greater productivity and greater creativity for the achievement of the goals of the department she is in.

Bottling Company Case Study Essay

I am the manager at a major bottling company. Customers have begun to complain that the bottles of our brand of soda contains less than the advertised sixteen (16) ounces of product. My boss has asked me to investigate and solve the problem at hand. I have asked my employees to pull and measure the amount of soda in each of thirty (30) randomly selected bottles off the line from all the shifts at the bottling plant. 1. The following calculations show the mean, median and standard deviation for the case study. Mean =14.8 The mean was calculated by getting the sum of total ounces in each bottle and then dividing that total by the sample size of thirty (30). Median = 14.8 The median is derived from the number that is in the middle, once the measurements have been placed in chronological order. Since the sample size is an even number, the median is obtained by taking the average of the two numbers in the middle. Standard Deviation = 0.55033 The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, which is average of the squares of the distance that each value is from the mean. 2. 95% Confidence Interval = 6.056489716 The CI (confidence interval) is a specific interval estimate of parameter determined by using data obtained from a sample and the specific confidence level of the estimate. 3. Conduct a hypothesis test to verify if the claim that a bottle contains less than sixteen (16) ounces is supported. Clearly state the logic of your test, the calculations, and the conclusion of your test. Unfortunately, I was unable to complete this step in the investigation for lack of  understanding and preparation. But, if I had to guess, I would say that the bottles do not contain the sixteen (16) ounces advertised. 4. Provide three (3) speculations as to why the bottles have less than sixteen (16) ounces of soda. The equipment was faulty in set up. Purposely designed to have less than sixteen (16) ounces for the purpose of expansion because acidic products need to have room for built up pressure. If a bottle has been agitated in transportation, once it is opened, there will be an exploded release of pressure. The calibration on the machine needs to be reset. In an effort to avoid the deficit in the future, the company can schedule frequent maintenance to the equipment to ensure proper function.

Perceptual Biases (Business Administration)

1. Despite the difficulties of making predictions, many people confidently make assertions about what will happen in the future because of various types of biases, constraints, perceptions, and expectations. Each person has their own experiences, influences, tastes, personalities, attitudes, and much more, creating unique perspectives that influence perception, objectivity, and rationality. As such, perceptions are controlled by three factors: the perceiver, the object being perceived, and the context in which people perceive.People align these factors to their own standards and consequentially, they always think they are â€Å"right. † This results in an above-average affect, where people almost always believe they are above average. This affect causes people to confidently make assertions despite the level of objective difficulty. 2. There are various perceptual and decision-making errors that cloud the judgments of many intelligent and powerful people. For example, when Ric k Wagoner predicted that bankruptcy would result in the â€Å"†¦liquidation of the company† (195), he may have used general impressions of bankruptcy to contaminate factual information.As such, he was a victim of the Halo Effect. His negative perceptions of bankruptcy clouded any positive indicators of its factual effectiveness. When investment analyst Marc Farber incorrectly predicted a slowdown in the Chinese market, he was perhaps affected by a hindsight bias. Having experienced so many market slowdowns in the past, such as the various recessions in the United States in addition to international examples like Japan, he likely thought he was a better analyst than he actually was.The hindsight bias prevented him from learning from the past; he was likely less skeptical about his own predictive skills than he should have been. When Vice President Joe Biden incorrectly predicted, â€Å"More people are going to be put to work this summer† (195), he was possibly a vi ctim of an overconfidence bias. This confidence may have prevented him from understanding the facts on employment, jumping to an optimistic conclusion prematurely. In addition, he may have been under substantial pressure to inspire the American public in light of the ongoing recession.When Robert Prechter incorrectly predicted, â€Å"†¦stock prices will go a lot lower† (195), he may have looked at initial market conditions without considering the macro perspective of market durability. As such, he was a victim of an anchoring bias, where he used only an initial assessment for his prediction without considering long-term data. Other types of biases include selective perception, contrast effects, stereotyping, and risk aversion, amongst others. 3.It is difficult to make accurate predictions because the only way we view the world is through our perceptions; what is to one person may not be to another. The key in many situations is to objectively understand how and why peopl e have certain perceptions. This understanding will allow for more accurate assessments, leading to better choices in life. It is also difficult to make predictions because of the complexity of communication. This complexity can sometimes cause people to overthink, such as when two people are dating, always second guessing their actions and their thoughts.It is often unadvisable to â€Å"overthink† situations where there may not be a clear explanation. Further, overthinking in one direction can harbor unwarranted negativity or inaccurate optimism. Lastly, there are many factors that people have no control over, such as plane crashes, sudden sickness, and forces of nature. These factors can cause even the most well thought out predictions to be inaccurate. As a result, people must always be prudent about what they assert. There must be evidence coupled with intrapersonal skills that can assure its objectivity.

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Strategic Management - Assignment Example The company’s strategic goals should complement one’s objectives, and has to be a benchmark that the individual uses to analyse self-progress. The other important facet includes assessment of ones skills and check if they are sufficient to achieve the organisational aims (Stringham, 2012). Skill and professionalism are congruent aspects that must be used simultaneously to enable a person rise to the echelons of their occupation. Skill can be acquired through continuous practise and learning. Learning cuts across all the forces that ignite critical thinking and judgement, through exposure to different environments, and challenges. In the document, several facets contributing to personal and professional growth have been comprehensively elucidated. The strategic goals may include working for the organisation for a defined period then branch off to their private practise. There is need for proper roadmap and planning, in order, to realize the ultimate goal in the profession (Hill and Jones, 2012). Higher remuneration: One of the targets in career advancement is having a better paycheque. Increased remuneration comes from a steady increase in the performance at work, and through accumulated experience in the given role. The mentioned factors will enable one have a stronger bargaining power, and contributing to a rise in career level. Superior role and title: the most significant career goal is to be able to rise through the career ladder to the apex of the field of specialization. The target includes advancing in the organisation in terms of responsibilities and having a bigger title. The two points will also contribute to personal satisfaction and motivation in the workplace. Higher influence: during the progression through occupational ranks, one expects to develop more influence through the new positions acquired. The higher influence also signifies professional maturity, which further supports